1.Introduction

Medical history form [[file:Medical History form.doc]]

 * PAIN - VOCABULARY**

07.03.2013
 * HEADACHES**
 * Information that has to be found out from a patient regarding a headache:**
 * location, duration, accompanying symptoms, relieving factors, medication, family history, character of pain. Practise asking questions.**
 * VERTIGO**
 * What questions will you ask a patient in order to find out about his/her dizziness?**
 * TEMPERATURE**
 * to have a temperature = fever (A.E.)**
 * temperature can be taken orally or axillary (under the armpit)**
 * "waking out in a sweat a the drop of a hat" = easily**
 * to have shivers = to have chills**
 * to sweat = perspire**
 * Ask questions for the following answers:**
 * 1. I've been feeling very warm**
 * 2. Yes, I took it last night before going to bed.**
 * 3. It was 102 F**
 * 4. Under my tongue.**
 * 5. Yes, it usually goes up at night.**
 * 6. Yes, I'm always soaking wet.**


 * NAUSEA AND VOMITING**
 * to feel sick = nauseous**
 * to vomit = to throw up**
 * to belch = to burp**

Dialogue - example Do you just feel sick/nauseous/ or have you actually vomited/thrown up? Oh, I'm vomiting, it seems, all the time. When did it all start? About two months ago. And how often does this happen? About once a day, sometimes more. When are you sick? In the morning or after you have eaten? Well, it isn't really regular. But does it get better or worse if you eat something? Worse, I think. When you vomit, do you bring up digested food, undigested food or bile? Oh, it's usually more like bile. What colour is it? Green, black, yellow or red? It seems to be a sort of yellowish green colour. Does it ever have blood in it, or look like ground coffee? No, never. Do you belch a lot and have a bad taste in your mouth? Well, yes doctor, I do belch a lot and I seem to suffer from a lot of wind/gas lately.

14.03.2013 Please print and bring to class for March 14th: (If you cannot open the file directly, save it first on your computer and then print) DYSPNOEA COUGH HEART BOWEL MOVEMENTS BLOOD


 * 21. 03. 2013 ** Please print and bring to class for March 21st:

1. Medical examination. Isotope scanning 2. Prescriptions. Therapeutic effects of drugs. Side effects. Administration of medication

Exercise capacity improves in heart-transplant candidates
A recent …………study involving 107 patients awaiting heart transplant reveals that, in a substantial minority, there is spontaneous improvement and transplantation is no longer necessary. All the subjects, ………..patients on waiting lists for cardiac transplantation, had very poor cardiovascular work capacity as indicated by cardiomyopathy and peak oxygen uptake levels of less than 14 ml/kg/min. 15 of the 107 patients actually underwent transplantation in the next 6 months, and six of them died. Severe angina or hemodynamic deterioration ………….eighteen patients from undergoing repeat exercise testing after six months, but of the 68 patients who did undergo repeat testing, 38 showed a substantial improvement in peak oxygen uptake of 2 ml/kg/min or more. Of those patients who improved, 31 were sufficiently stable for them to be removed from the waiting list for transplantation. These findings show that patient ………..may improve without transplantation and ………… the importance of periodical reevaluation of heart-transplant candidates.

Heart transplantation video:
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Lung cancers are caused by smoking
In the past, tobacco companies have been able to …………responsibility for smoking-related diseases on several ………….. Firstly, cigarette makers maintained that smokers chose to smoke in spite of warnings printed on cigarette packages and, secondly, because of the difficulty of proving beyond doubt the correlation between smoking and lung diseases. In Florida, the state has filed a ………….to recover billions of dollars spent on treating smoking-related diseases through Medicaid, and recent legislation may clear the way for a successful suit. A new law allows the use of statistical evidence showing that a certain percentage of lung cancers are caused by smoking and this means it is not necessary to prove that each smoker’s illness was due to cigarettes. Meanwhile in Louisiana, a federal judge has given the …………. to what may be the largest class-action case in US history by allowing tens of millions of smokers to be parties in the lawsuit. This case removes another traditional defence of the tobacco industry: that the potentially large numbers of claimants would make lawsuits unmanageable. Mississippi, Minnesota and West Virginia also have legal actions in preparation, suggesting that there are tough times ahead for the US tobacco industry. ** GRAMMAR PRACTICE ** 1 Are you in any pain? 2 He doesn’t want ...........visitors. 3 Can I get ...........painkillers for you? 4 Do you have .............allergies? 5 Would you like .............pain relief? 6 I’ll get ...........tablets for you now. 7 We haven’t got ........more Normal Saline solution. 8 Can you get ...........more bags from the store room, please? 9 Can I get ............iced water for you? 1 0 Please don’t eat ............food today.
 * Look at these sentences that a nurse or patient might say. Complete the **
 * sentences with ****// some //**** or ****// any //**** . In two questions, both ****// some //**** and ****// any //**** are possible. **


 * b **** Check you understand the meaning of ****// gradable //**** and ****// ungradable //**** adjectives in the **
 * // Grammar reference //**** then match the gradable adjectives 1–10 with the ungradable **
 * adjectives with a similar meaning (a–j) **

2 hot / warm 3 tired 4 good 5 bad 6 sad / down 7 painful 8 hungry 9 big / large 10 small || a exhausted b agonising c terrible d boiling e huge / enormous f tiny g freezing h miserable i fantastic / excellent j starving ||
 * ** gradable adjectives ** || ** ungradable adjectives ** ||
 * 1 cold / cool

1 ‘Oh, I’m feeling ** absolutely miserable ** .’ A The patient is very cold. B The patient is very hot. C The patient is very sad. ✓ 2 ‘Oh thank you for that nurse, I was ** absolutely starving ** !’ A The patient was very tired. B The patient was very hungry. C The patient was very cold. 3 ‘I feel ** absolutely exhausted **, really drained, do you know what I mean, like?’ A The patient is very tired. B The patient is very hungry. C The patient is very cold. 4 ‘I hope I’m only left with a ** really tiny ** scar.’ A The patient is worried that the scar will be very painful. B The patient is worried that the scar will be very big. C The patient is worried that the scar will be very small. 5 ‘That ice cream was yummy, you know, ** absolutely fantastic ** !’ A The child patient thinks the ice cream was very cold. B The child patient thinks the ice cream was very bad. C The child patient thinks the ice cream was very good. 6 ‘Nurse! I’m sorry, can you help me? I’m ** absolutely freezing ** .’ A The patient is very tired. B The patient is very hungry. C The patient is very cold. 7 ‘I couldn’t finish that meal. It was ** absolutely enormous ** .’ A The meal was too bad. B The meal was too big. C The meal was too cold. 8 ** Nurse: ** ‘How is your leg?’ A The patient answers that his leg is still very painful. B The patient answers that his leg is still very cold. C The patient answers that his leg is still very hot. 9 ‘Is it me or is it ** absolutely boiling ** in here?’ A The patient is asking if the room is hot. B The patient is asking if the room is cold. C The patient is asking if the room is big. 1 0 ‘Have I got, like, a ** really huge ** bruise on my face?’ A The patient is asking if the bruise is painful. B The patient is asking if the bruise is small. C The patient is asking if the bruise is big. ** ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS ** Smoking is deleterious to your health Healthy eating - A vegetarian diet can improve health - Save a life – organ donation! Arguments for/against organ donation. ** Presentation Topics ** What do nails say about your health Healthy aging Review: Private versus public health services in our town
 * c **** Look at the sentences an English speaking patient might say. Choose the **
 * sentence (A, B, or C) which best describes what the patient is saying. Use the **
 * phrases in bold to help you. **
 * Patient: ** ‘To be honest, the pain there’s still ** really agonising ** .’